Activation of ibuprofen via ultrasonic complexation with silver in N-doped oxidized graphene nanoparticles for microwave chemotherapy of cervix tumor tissue

Abstract

An ultrasonic method (20 kHz) is introduced to activate pristine ibuprofen organic molecular crystals via complexation with silver in nitrogen-doped oxidized graphene nanoplatforms (∼50 nm). Ultra9 sonic complexation occurs in a single-step procedure through the binding of the carboxylic groups with Ag, H-bond formation, involving noncovalent πC=C → πC=C* transitions in the altered phenyl ring and πPY → πCO* in ibuprofen occurring between the phenyl ring and C−O bonds as a result of interaction with hydroxyl radicals. The ibuprofen−silver complex in ≪NrGO≫ exhibits a ∼42 times higher acceleration rate than free ibuprofen of the charge transfer between hexacyanoferrate and thiosulfate ions. The increased acceleration rate can be caused by electron injection/ejection at the interface of the ≪Ag-NrGO≫ nanoplatform and formation of intermediate species (Fe(CN)5(CNSO3)x− with x = 4 or 5 and AgHS2O3) at the excess of produced H+ ions. Important for microwave chemotherapy, ibuprofen−silver complexes in the ≪NrGO≫ nanoplatform can produce H+ ions at ∼12.5 times higher rate at the applied voltage range from 0.53 to 0.60 V. ≪Ibu-Ag-NrGO≫ NPs develop ∼105 order higher changes of the electric field strength intensity than free ibuprofen in the microwave absorption range of 100−1000 MHz as revealed from the theoretical modeling of a cervix tumor tissue.